Glossary

Muscle tone – the state of contraction of a muscle.

Spasticity – a ‘catch’ or ‘jerk’ in a muscle, when a joint is moved quickly.

Hypertonia – high muscle tone, or muscles in an increased state of contraction, these muscles feel ‘stiff’, particularly during nappy changes or personal care.

Hypotonia – low muscle tone, or floppy joints and muscles. Children with hypotonia may have difficulty sitting up straight or holding their head up.

SMART goals – goals which are Specific, Measureable, Accurate, Realistic and Targeted.

Central nervous system – the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral nervous system – the nerves that leave the spinal cord and travel to the muscles and the rest of the body.

Neuromuscular – conditions and symptoms affecting the peripheral nervous system.

Neurological –  conditions and symptoms affecting the central nervous system.

Makaton – a type of communication involving hand gestures, commonly used with children who have difficulty speaking, or before they learn to speak.

Eye Gaze – a communication device involving a tablet, where the user looks at a word, phrase or symbol with their eyes to communicate.